contraintes horizontales

English translation: horizontal stresses

12:59 Aug 30, 2016
French to English translations [PRO]
Tech/Engineering - Construction / Civil Engineering / Resins for pavements, streets, sidewalks etc.
French term or phrase: contraintes horizontales
Hello, this may be very straightforward but I would like to have some kind of confirmation from an expert colleague.

We are talking about the features of special resins for sealing pavements. The entire sentence is:

"La résine de blocage stoppe la diffusion des contraintes horizontales consécutives au trafic routier."

I could translate literally with something like "Blocking resins prevent the spread of horizontal constraints resulting from road traffic", but it would be nice to know what this actually means.

Thanks vm.
Linda Brunet
Local time: 08:22
English translation:horizontal stresses
Explanation:
"Contrainte" is often confusing, but here the meaning is almost certainly that of stress.
Selected response from:

chris collister
France
Local time: 08:22
Grading comment
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer



Summary of answers provided
3 +5horizontal stresses
chris collister
4 +2Horizontal stress
Manoj Chauhan
4transverse stresses (i.e. shear tensions)
Johannes Gleim


  

Answers


4 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5 peer agreement (net): +2
Horizontal stress


Explanation:
In my opinion it is considered to be horizontal stress ...

Manoj Chauhan
India
Local time: 08:22
Works in field
Native speaker of: English

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Bashiqa: 'h' not 'H'
7 hrs

agree  Lee Nicoletti-Jones
1 day 1 hr
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4 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 3/5Answerer confidence 3/5 peer agreement (net): +5
horizontal stresses


Explanation:
"Contrainte" is often confusing, but here the meaning is almost certainly that of stress.

chris collister
France
Local time: 08:22
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish
PRO pts in category: 120

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Tony M
4 mins
  -> Thanks, Tony!

agree  Didier Fourcot: The specification "from road traffic" removes most doubt about the meaning of "contrainte"
15 mins
  -> Thanks, Didier

agree  narasimha (X)
21 mins
  -> Thanks Narasmha!

agree  Lee Nicoletti-Jones
1 day 1 hr
  -> Thanks, Lee

agree  Kim Metzger
1 day 23 hrs
  -> Thanks, Kim
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1 day 22 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5
transverse stresses (i.e. shear tensions)


Explanation:
I assume that “constrainte” is used in specific way. We have two types of stresses: “tensile stress and shear stress, i.e. tensile strength/resistance” (longitudinal tension) and “shear strength/resistance” (transverse tension).

Domain Iron, steel and other metal industries
fr
Definition l'effort de cisaillement est l'effort ou la composante qui s'exerce tangentiellement au plan auquel la sollicitation s'applique

Term cisaillement
Reliability 3 (Reliable)

Term contrainte de cisaillement
Reliability 3 (Reliable)

en
Definition shear stress is the stress or the stress component tangential to the plane on which the force or forces act
Definition Ref. ATF dic.idéologique de fonderie

Term shear
Reliability 3 (Reliable)
http://iate.europa.eu/SearchByQuery.do?method=searchDetail&l...

In materials science, the strength of a material is its ability to withstand an applied load without failure or plastic deformation. The field of strength of materials deals with forces and deformations that result from their acting on a material. A load applied to a mechanical member will induce internal forces within the member called stresses when those forces are expressed on a unit basis. The stresses acting on the material cause deformation of the material in various manner. Deformation of the material is called strain when those deformations too are placed on a unit basis. The applied loads may be axial (tensile or compressive), or shear.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strength_of_materials

Thomas Young a reconnu que le cisaillement était une déformation élastique et remarqua que la résistance élastique au cisaillement était différente de la résistance élastique à la traction compression pour une même substance. Il introduisit le concept de module d'élasticité d'une substance, devenu le module de Young.
:
Sollicitations élémentaires
Type Commentaire Exemple
Traction Allongement longitudinal, on tire de chaque côté barre de remorquage
Compression Raccourcissement, on appuie de chaque côté poteau supportant un plancher
Cisaillement Glissement relatif des sections goujon de fixation
Torsion Rotation par glissement relatif des sections droites arbre de transmission d'un moteur
Flexion simple Fléchissement sans allongement des fibres contenues dans le plan moyen planche de plongeoir
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Résistance_des_matériaux#Contr...

In general, the stress T that a particle P applies on another particle Q across a surface S can have any direction relative to S. The vector T may be regarded as the sum of two components: the normal stress (compression or tension) perpendicular to the surface, and the shear stress that is parallel to the surface.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(mechanics)

Le tenseur des contraintes est une représentation utilisée en mécanique des milieux continus pour caractériser l'état de contrainte, c'est-à-dire les efforts intérieurs mis en jeu entre les portions déformées du milieu. Le terme a été introduit par Cauchy vers 1822.

Comme les efforts intérieurs sont définis pour chaque surface coupant le milieu (on parle d'ailleurs également d'efforts surfaciques), le tenseur est défini localement, en chaque point du solide. L'état de contrainte du solide est donc représenté par un champ tensoriel. On parle aussi de ce fait de champ de contrainte.

Dans le cadre de l'élasticité linéaire, le champ de contrainte est relié au champ de déformation par la loi de Hooke généralisée, c'est-à-dire que l'on peut écrire l'équation tensorielle (et non algébrique) σ = E ε .
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenseur_des_contraintes

Mortar has a further purpose in that it improves both the shear and compressive strengths of the wall. Mortars have some binding characteristics which improve the shear resistance but do not add significantly to the tensile strength of a wall.
https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd...

Shear bond strength of three dual-cured resin cements to dentin analyzed by finite element analysis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22835549

Abstract

The mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of honeycomb composite consisting of Nomex honeycomb core and 2024Al alloy facesheets were investigated. The compressive and shear deformation behaviors of honeycomb composite were analyzed at temperatures ranged 25–300°C. The compressive and shear strengths of honeycomb composite decreased continuously with increasing temperature up to 300°C. The stress-strain curves obtained from the compressive and shear tests showed that the stress increased to a peak value and then decreased rapidly to a steady state value, which is nearly constant up to failure with increasing strain. The compressive deformation behavior of honeycomb composite was progressed by an elastic and plastic buckling of cell walls, debonding fracture at the interfaces of cell walls, and followed by a fracture of resin layer on cell walls. The shear deformation of honeycomb composite was progressed by an elastic shear deformation, plastic shear deformation, fracture of resin layer on cell walls, and followed by debonding fracture at core/facesheet interfaces.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1014344228141


Johannes Gleim
Local time: 08:22
Works in field
Native speaker of: German
PRO pts in category: 189
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