Translation glossary: Construction

English to French

***Metal or metalling*** has had two distinct usages in road paving. Metalling originally referred to the process of creating a carefully engineered gravel roadway. The route of the roadway first would be dug down several feet. Depending on local conditions, French drains may or may not have been added. Next, large stone was placed and compacted, followed by successive layers of smaller stone, until the road surface was a small stone compacted into a hard, durable surface.
Road metal later became the name of stone chippings mixed with tar to form the road surfacing material tarmac. A road of such material was called a "metalled road" in British usage, although this would be very rare in modern usage. It would be more common to refer to a macadam road. The word metal is derived from the Latin metallum, which means both "mine" and "quarry", hence the roadbuilding terminology.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavement_%28roads%29
Production de 47 000 tonnes fer à une teneur de 47 % et de bioxyde de titane (TiO2) (31,6 %), principalement exploités comme **agrégat lourd à béton.**
http://www.mrn.gouv.qc.ca/Laurentides/mines/mines-activite.j...
Macadam is a type of road construction pioneered by the Scotsman John Loudon McAdam in the early 1800s. It consisted of creating three layers of stones laid on a crowned subgrade with side ditches for drainage. ***The first two layers consisted of angular hand-broken aggregate, maximum size 3 inches (75 mm), to a total depth of about 8 inches (200 mm). The third layer was about 2 inches (50 mm) thick with a maximum aggregate size of 1 inch (25 mm). ***Each layer would be compacted with a heavy roller, causing the angular stones to lock together with their neighbours… Due to uses of macadam as a road surface in former times, roads in some parts of the United States (e.g., parts of Pennsylvania) are often referred to as macadam, even though they might be made of asphalt or concrete.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macadam
Le macadam est une technique d'empierrement des chaussées développée par l'écossais John Loudon McAdam (21 septembre 1756 - 26 novembre 1836).
Son principe est de procéder en couches successives de granulométries décroissantes : de gros éléments sont placés à la base, pour assurer la solidité, puis de plus petits pour combler les vides et enfin, en surface, une couche de matériaux finement concassés puis compactés vient « fermer » l'ensemble.
De plus, la chaussée étant dotée d'une pente transversale et si possible surélevée par rapport aux terrains voisins, elle se trouve à l'abri de l'eau, d'où moins de boue et une meilleure longévité.
Par la suite, l'étanchéité de surface a été améliorée par imprégnation **de bitume ou de goudron. **Plus tard encore, les chaussées macadamisées ont été revêtues de **béton de bitume** ou de goudron dont le célèbre tarmacadam (ou tarmac) des aérodromes (en anglais, tar signifie goudron). Par extension, le terme macadam est aujourd'hui employé, à tort, dans ce dernier sens
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macadam
Du latin ignis, feu, et imber, pluie.
Une ignimbrite, sorte de coulée pyroclastique, est une roche formée de débris de roche volcanique (rhyolite, dacite) soudés avant leur refroidissement mélangés à une matrice vitreuse. Elle est principalement composée de quartz, de sanidine, d'albite et de biotite.
Elle a un aspect de pierre ponce. Les principales couleurs vont du gris foncé au gris bleu…
Utilisation--L'ignimbrite est localement employée dans la construction
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignimbrite

Modern road surfaces are still largely dependent on MacAdam's discovery. Coal tar was first used to bind the stones together, ***hot-laid tarred aggregate or tar-sprayed chips providing an excellent road-metalling*** for the surface. Oil-based asphalt from Trinidad and from refineries was later used as a road surfacing, laid on reinforced concrete, but still owes a lot to MacAdam as it is mixed with granite or limestone chippings. This process became known as Tarmacadam (a short form of which is used to refer to airplane runways: "tarmac").
http://www1.eng.usm.my/Awam/info/macadam.html

French to English

English to French

***Metal or metalling*** has had two distinct usages in road paving. Metalling originally referred to the process of creating a carefully engineered gravel roadway. The route of the roadway first would be dug down several feet. Depending on local conditions, French drains may or may not have been added. Next, large stone was placed and compacted, followed by successive layers of smaller stone, until the road surface was a small stone compacted into a hard, durable surface.
Road metal later became the name of stone chippings mixed with tar to form the road surfacing material tarmac. A road of such material was called a "metalled road" in British usage, although this would be very rare in modern usage. It would be more common to refer to a macadam road. The word metal is derived from the Latin metallum, which means both "mine" and "quarry", hence the roadbuilding terminology.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavement_%28roads%29
Production de 47 000 tonnes fer à une teneur de 47 % et de bioxyde de titane (TiO2) (31,6 %), principalement exploités comme **agrégat lourd à béton.**
http://www.mrn.gouv.qc.ca/Laurentides/mines/mines-activite.j...
Macadam is a type of road construction pioneered by the Scotsman John Loudon McAdam in the early 1800s. It consisted of creating three layers of stones laid on a crowned subgrade with side ditches for drainage. ***The first two layers consisted of angular hand-broken aggregate, maximum size 3 inches (75 mm), to a total depth of about 8 inches (200 mm). The third layer was about 2 inches (50 mm) thick with a maximum aggregate size of 1 inch (25 mm). ***Each layer would be compacted with a heavy roller, causing the angular stones to lock together with their neighbours… Due to uses of macadam as a road surface in former times, roads in some parts of the United States (e.g., parts of Pennsylvania) are often referred to as macadam, even though they might be made of asphalt or concrete.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macadam
Le macadam est une technique d'empierrement des chaussées développée par l'écossais John Loudon McAdam (21 septembre 1756 - 26 novembre 1836).
Son principe est de procéder en couches successives de granulométries décroissantes : de gros éléments sont placés à la base, pour assurer la solidité, puis de plus petits pour combler les vides et enfin, en surface, une couche de matériaux finement concassés puis compactés vient « fermer » l'ensemble.
De plus, la chaussée étant dotée d'une pente transversale et si possible surélevée par rapport aux terrains voisins, elle se trouve à l'abri de l'eau, d'où moins de boue et une meilleure longévité.
Par la suite, l'étanchéité de surface a été améliorée par imprégnation **de bitume ou de goudron. **Plus tard encore, les chaussées macadamisées ont été revêtues de **béton de bitume** ou de goudron dont le célèbre tarmacadam (ou tarmac) des aérodromes (en anglais, tar signifie goudron). Par extension, le terme macadam est aujourd'hui employé, à tort, dans ce dernier sens
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macadam
Du latin ignis, feu, et imber, pluie.
Une ignimbrite, sorte de coulée pyroclastique, est une roche formée de débris de roche volcanique (rhyolite, dacite) soudés avant leur refroidissement mélangés à une matrice vitreuse. Elle est principalement composée de quartz, de sanidine, d'albite et de biotite.
Elle a un aspect de pierre ponce. Les principales couleurs vont du gris foncé au gris bleu…
Utilisation--L'ignimbrite est localement employée dans la construction
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignimbrite

Modern road surfaces are still largely dependent on MacAdam's discovery. Coal tar was first used to bind the stones together, ***hot-laid tarred aggregate or tar-sprayed chips providing an excellent road-metalling*** for the surface. Oil-based asphalt from Trinidad and from refineries was later used as a road surfacing, laid on reinforced concrete, but still owes a lot to MacAdam as it is mixed with granite or limestone chippings. This process became known as Tarmacadam (a short form of which is used to refer to airplane runways: "tarmac").
http://www1.eng.usm.my/Awam/info/macadam.html

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