English to Russian Social Sciences Human Resources

Most demographers used to recommend replacement-level fertility rates (that is, an average of two surviving children per adult woman). However, today, the world total fertility rate is below this level, and this policy recommendation seems unrealistic.

Government policies geared toward reversing declining fertility have not been widely successful even in the more advanced economies. Thus, policies are moving toward ways of increasing the ***value*** generated by newer population cohorts so that children will be able to produce more for a larger population in a context of environmental sustainability. These types of policies thus advocate raising the human capital of younger cohorts, increasing the productivity of new entrant workers, and promoting research and development in environmentally friendly industries and processes.