ProZ.com frequently asked questions

1 - Terminology/term help

2 - KudoZ

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2.1 - KudoZ: general

1.1 - Apakah dia KudoZ?

KudoZ merupakan rangkaian bantuan istilah berasaskan komuniti. Terdapat dua bidang yang luas "bantuan" KudoZ dan "membina glosari" KudoZ. Kedua-duanya berkongsi banyak elemen yang sama tetapi mempunyai berlainan objektif:

*Melalui "bantuan" KudoZ, pengguna ProZ.com menawarkan satu sama lain, dan tetamu, bantuan percuma dalam menterjemah istilah yang sukar. Soalan disiarkan oleh seseorang yang memerlukan bantuan istilah, kemudian memilih jawapan yang diterima yang "paling membantu". Cuba lihat pengenalan flash kami untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut. Dalam KudoZ jenis ini, penekanan terletak pada membantu penanya-- fakta bahawa arkib istilah yang telah disiarkan sebelum ini dengan terjemahan yang dicadangkan telah dibina adalah kelebihan yang dirancang namun adalah persisian.

* Tujuan "membina glosari" KudoZ (GBK) adalah bagi menyelaras usaha ahli komuniti ProZ.com yang bersedia dalam membina glosari berwibawa dan terjemahan mereka dalam banyak bahasa dan bidang. Soalan GBK disiarkan untuk terjemahan berpilih oleh pasukan GBK. Pemilihan komuniti digunakan untuk memastikan penterjemahan yang paling tepat di antara yang dicadangkan.

1.2 - Glossary of KudoZ terms

Question: The request for help posted by the asker, including at least a language pair, a field of expertise, a term and context information.

Action buttons: Buttons located below the question that offer users access to several areas described below. The buttons are:




Answer: Reply in the target language to the asked term, including at least the translation of the term, an explanation and the answerer's confidence level.

Reference comment: This area is accessed with the "Post reference" button and should be used to provide information which is not in itself an answer, but which may be helpful to either the asker or other answerers. The information submitted in this way will not be subject to consideration as "best" or "most helpful", and points will not be received.

Discussion area: This area is accessed with the "Post discussion" button and should be used for requests and additional exchanges of context information and for linguistic discussions on the question. This area should not be used to comment on answers (see rule 3.4 ) or on participants see rule 3.7). In GBK it also allows participation of users who do not meet the criteria to answer.

Grading: The process by which the asker reviews the suggestions and awards points to the answerer who provided the translation deemed by the asker to be the most useful.

Peer comment: A comment made by a site user concerning his agreement or disagreement with a translation suggested by a peer. Peer comments must be based on linguistic considerations and said considerations must be provided in case of disagree or neutral comments. This is the only valid way to comment on a KudoZ answer.

Asker: A person in need of translation assistance who posts a term or phrase, providing context and the desired target language.

Answerer: A site user who provides an answer to a KudoZ question.

Reference poster: A site user who provides a reference comment.

KudoZ editors: Non-moderator site users who have been given the right to perform some editing functions on KudoZ questions.

1.3 - Bagaimanakah KudoZ berfungsi?

'Bantuan' KudoZ melibatkan tiga langkah:
(1) Seseorang yang memerlukan bantuan terjemahan menyiarkan istilah atau frasa, memberikan konteks dan bahasa sasaran yang dihasratkan.
(2) Pengguna tapak mencadangkan terjemahan, memberikan penerangan dan seterusnya sedikit rujukan.
(3) Penanya mengkaji cadangan dan memberikan 1 hingga 4 mata kepada pengguna tapak yang memberikan terjemahan yang dianggap paling berguna atau paling tepat.

1.4 - Apakah kebaikan mata KudoZ?

Beberapa klien yang mengguna mata KudoZ sebagai tanda kelayakan tambahan penterjemah. Alasannya ialah jika anda memerlukan perkhidmatan penterjemah yang mengetahui tentang perubatan, carian mungkin boleh dimulakan dengan seorang yang telah menerima 300 mata untuk soalan perubatan.

1.5 - MENJAWAB: Bagaimanakah mata KudoZ dikemas kini?

Jumlah mata KudoZ yang ditunjukkan di beberapa tempat di seluruh tapak dikemas kini sekali sehari, tetapi di tempat-tempat lain dikemas kini dalam masa nyata. Oleh itu kelainan sementara boleh berlaku, tetapi pembetulan dibuat apabila semua mata dikira sekali sehari.



Ahli boleh memaksa sistem mengemas kini mata mereka dalam masa nyata. Pergi ke halaman ringkasan mata KudoZ anda dan klik pada "Kemas kini jumlah mata sekarang".

1.6 - Do I earn any KudoZ points by answering KudoZ questions?

No. KudoZ points are only earned if one of your answer to any KudoZ question is selected by the asker or automatically by the system based on peer agreement.

1.7 - Apakah peraturan menyertai KudoZ?

Lihat peraturan KudoZ: Peratuan am, Peraturan untuk bertanya dan Peraturan untuk menjawab dan memberikan komen daripada rakan penterjemah

1.8 - Can friends, family members or close associates participate in my KudoZ questions or answers?

Participation in KudoZ questions, particularly using the peer comment system to "boost" an answer, or in asking and answering to gain KudoZ points, should not be carried out among the profiles of friends, family or close associates, in order to maintain a certain level of transparency in the KudoZ arena. In cases where interacting profiles are shown to be of this type, a mutual block may be applied to the profiles (this blocks the interaction between specific profiles only, not participation in KudoZ at large) to ensure fairness.

See also general site rule 2 for more on why this policy may be enforced.

Access to networking features, which potentially affect other members, may be modified or revoked at the discretion of the ProZ.com team. In particular, KudoZ interaction between profiles may be blocked at the discretion of site staff at any time as a safeguard to preserve the positive, results-oriented atmosphere of KudoZ.

1.9 - Apakah yang saya harus lakukan jika peraturan KudoZ dilanggar?

Apabila peratuan KudoZ dilanggar anda harus rujukkan perkara tersebut kepada moderator pasangan bahasa yang berkenaan. Senarai moderator terdapat di sini .

Semasa menghubungi moderator untuk melaporkan pelanggaran peraturan KudoZ, pastikan anda sertakan semua maklumat berkaitan, termasuk pautan kepada soalan tertentu, dsb.

1.10 - Apakah alasan di sebalik kategori KudoZ?

Soalan KudoZ boleh dikategorikan mengguna senarai bidang yang mengandungi kira-kira 100 entri. Senarai tersebut, yang dihasilkan secara statistik daripada bidang perkara yang dimasukkan oleh pengguna ProZ.com dalam teks bebas, tidak berapa jelas tujuannya. Contohnya, oleh kerana seorang ahli terfikirkan "motokar" sementara seorang ahli lain terfikirkan "kereta", kedua-dua nama kategori itu diberikan dalam senarai.



Ambil perhatian bahawa meskipun kategori "kembar" sedemikian boleh muncul berasingan dalam senarai bidang, kategori tersebut dimasukkan dengan cara yang sama ke dalam pangkalan data. Oleh itu tanpa mengira yang mana anda pilih--pilih sahaja kategori pertama yang sesuai dengan istilah anda.



Petua: dalam kebanyakan penyemak imbas, apabila berada dalam senarai pilihan, anda boleh tekan sahaja huruf yang terfikir ("k" untuk "kereta") sehingga anda dapat kategori yang anda mahu.

1.11 - Apa akan berlaku jika soalan tidak digredkan.

Jika soalan 'bantuan' telah menerima jawapan tetapi tidak ditutup dalam tempoh tiga hari, e-mel akan dihantar kepada penanya mengingatnya untuk menggred. Jika soalan masih terbuka selepas empat peringatan demikian dihantar (dalam masa 2 minggu), percubaan akan dibuat untuk memilih jawapan paling baik secara automatik. 'Robot menggred automatik' membuat pilihan berasaskan bilangan bersih rakan penterjemah 'bersetuju' diterima, mengikut peraturan berikut:

- Untuk dipertimbangakan, jawapan hendaklah mempunyai sekurang-kurangnya dua "persetujuan bersih" (bersetuju-tidak bersetuju).

- Jawapan yang mempunyai bilangan bersetuju bersih paling tinggi akan dipilih. Jika dua jawapan mempunyai bilangan bersetuju bersih yang sama, masukan yang terakhir akan dipilih. Alasannya ialah jika dua jawapan mendapat bilangan bersetuju bersih yang sama, jawapan yang dipersetujui dalam masa yang lebih singkat mungkin lebih baik. Dalam lain perkatan, semua yang bersetuju dengan jawapan kedua telah melihat jawpan yang pertama dan masih mengundi untuk yang kedua, oleh itu memilih jawapan kedua, manakala mereka yang mengundi untuk yang pertama mungkin tidak melihat jawapan kedua apabila mengundi.

Jika jawapan tidak mempunyai sekurang-kurangnya 2 bersetuju bersih, ia ditinggalkan terbuka.

1.12 - Are askers able to close a question without awarding points?

Yes. An asker may choose to do this when s/he has asked a question in error (misspelled term, etc.), when no answer was deemed helpful, when a better term was found elsewhere (and no answer was deemed helpful), or in other cases.

1.13 - How often do askers close questions without awarding points?

Less than 5% of the time.

1.14 - Di manakah boleh saya dapati senarai soalan dan jawapan saya sebelum ini?

Pergi ke halaman profil anda dan klik pada tab KudoZ. Ahli akan juga melihat opsyen untuk mengemas kini mata KudoZ mereka di sini.

1.15 - Can I see questions in language pairs not reported in my profile?

Yes. You can see KudoZ questions in all language pairs by clicking on See more languages in the KudoZ questions page.

1.16 - Dalam keadaan apa soalan KudoZ dikeluarkan?

Terdapat lebih kurang sepuluh alasan kenapa soalan KudoZ dikeluarkan ("dihapuskan"). Untuk perbincangan tentang alasan ini, lihat: artikel ini.

1.17 - What information can I see about a KudoZ asker?

If you move your mouse over the asker's picture in a KudoZ question you will see a mouse-over message similar to the one pictured below:



The following definitions apply:

* Questions: the amount of questions posted by the asker.

* Open: questions that remain open and have at least an answer not hidden and not declined by the asker.

* Without valid answers: questions that remain open and that received no answers, or that received answers that were hidden, or declined by the asker.

* Closed without grading: questions that were closed without grading by the asker after having received at least one answer not hidden.

Squashed questions are not included in these statistics. If you want to get more information on the asker, a click on the asker's link will take you to the asker's profile.

1.18 - Apakah fungsi butang "Undi PRO" atau "Undi bukan-PRO?

In a "help" KudoZ question marked as PRO, participants may vote to have the question marked as non-PRO, and vice versa. Moderators and KudoZ editors have a single vote, like any other user of the site.

Non-PRO questions are those that can be answered by any bilingual person without the aid of a dictionary. All other questions are PRO. "Glossary-building" KudoZ questions are always PRO and can't be voted into non-PRO.

Three votes for either PRO or non-PRO are required to reclassify a question for the first time, and after that it will reverse its status as soon as there are more votes for the change than against it.

For instance a question asked as non-PRO will require three votes to turn it into PRO (voting 3-0). At this point the button will change to "vote non-PRO" and four votes will turn it into non-PRO (voting 4-3). After that it will take two votes to change the question again in either sense (voting 5-4, 6-5, etc.).

If you have fewer than twenty (20) KudoZ PRO points, you will not see this option.

Access to the voting feature may be limited or revoked at the discretion of ProZ.com staff.

1.19 - When posting my question I selected by mistake the wrong level (PRO, non-PRO). What can I do?

You should submit a support request to have this issue addressed by staff.

1.20 - MENJAWAB: Saya rasa jumlah mata saya sepatutnya telah bertambah lagi hari ini.

Jika anda seorang ahli, terdapat kemungkinan untuk memaksa sistem mengemas kini mata anda dalam masa nyata. Pergi ke halaman ringkasan mata KudoZ anda dan klik pada "Kemas kini jumlah mata sekarang". Jika anda seorang pengguna berdaftar, sebarang kelainan dalam jumlah mata anda biasanya akan dibetulkan dalam masa 24 jam.



Untuk memeriksa sama ada atau tidak anda telah diberikan mata untuk soalan tertentu, semak sejarah menjawab KudoZ dalam profil anda.

1.21 - MENJAWAB: Satu daripada jumlah mata KudoZ saya telah turun. Bagaimana ini boleh terjadi?

Ada kemungkinan untuk memilih jumlah mata (keseluruhan, PRO, mengikut bidang atau tempoh) mungkin boleh turun. Faktor yang boleh menyebabkan ini:



- Soalan yang anda telah diberikan mata telah dihapuskan atau tidak digred

- Soalan PRO yang mana anda peroleh mata telah diklasifikasi semula sebagai bukan-PRO (dengan itu mengurangkan jumlah mata PRO dan menambahkan jumlah mata bukan-PRO anda)

- Soalan yang mana anda peroleh mata telah diklasifikasi semula ke dalam bidang kepakaran lain (menaikkan jumlah dalam satu bidang dan mengurangkannya dalam bidang lain)

- Masa berlalu (berpotensi menyebabkan jumlah mata anda dalam tiga bulan yang lepas jatuh)



Jika anda tertanya-tanya secara khusus tentang 8 jawapan yang mana anda peroleh mata semalam, anda boleh semak profil sejarah menjawab anda. Setiap jawapan akan menunjukkan mata yang anda telah peroleh.

1.22 - MENJAWAB: BagaimanakaH boleh saya mengubah apa yang kelihatan dalam ringkasan mata KudoZ di halaman profil saya?

Pengguna boleh memilih untuk menyembunyikan mata KudoZ jenis tertentu daripada ringkasan mereka melalui halaman ini: http://www.proz.com/pro/?show_mode=kudoz&sub_mode=summary

1.23 - What do the "ok" and "no" under the the "Gloss" (glossary) column in my KudoZ activity section indicate?

The "ok" indicates that a glossary entry derived from the KudoZ question has been entered into the glossary.

On the other hand, the "no" indicates that no glossary entry has been entered.

1.24 - MENJAWAB: Saya terpaksa membuat profil baru. Bolehkah saya gabungkan mata daripada profil dahulu saya?

Ya boleh, jika anda seorang ahli, kakitangan sokongan boleh melakukan ini untuk anda. Ambil perhatian bahawa bukan sahaja mata anda, malah keseluruhan sejarah KudoZ anda (pertanyaan, komen rakan penterjemah, nota, dsb.) akan digabungkan. Anda tidak akan lagi mempunyai akses kepada profil lama.



Untuk menggabungkan profil anda, serahkan permintaan sokongan meminta kakitangan menggabungkan sejarah KudoZ anda *daripada* profil tertentu *kepada* profil tertentu. Kenal pastikan profil tersebut melalui nombor jika boleh (nama pengguna juga boleh digunakan jika anda tidak ketahui nombor.)



Dalam permintaan sokongan anda, tuliskan bahawa anda faham tindakan tersebut tidak boleh berbalik lagi dan anda tidak lagi akan mendapat akses kepada profil yang telah dipindahkan sejarahnya.



Sekali lagi, opsyen ini hanya terbuka kepada ahli sahaja.

1.25 - Bagaimanakah boleh saya mencegah carian istilah ProZ.com daripada mentransliterasikan aksara diakritik dan beraksen?

Dalam beberapa hal, carian istilah ProZ.com menyediakan kebolehan terhad mentransliterasikan aksara diakritik dan beraksen (contohnya, carian untuk istilah "publica" boleh memberi hasil yang mengandungi "pública" juga). Untuk menyahdayakan ciri ini, pilih pilihan "padankan frasa tepat".

1.26 - How can I enter a discussion entry?

To enter a discussion entry you should click on the "Post discussion" button. A form will show to allow you to post a title and the body of your entry. These fields are limited to 50 and 1200 characters respectively (there is a counter to tell you how many characters you have left for the main field). There is a preview option and buttons for submitting the entry and for canceling the operation.



Once your discussion entry has been entered, you will be able to edit it during the first 24 hours, or to delete it any time, by clicking on the icons displayed on the top right corner of the entry.

1.27 - Saya cadangkan bayaran dikenakan untuk menyertai KudoZ. Ini akan meningkatkan kualiti.

Kami tidak bercadang untuk mengehadkan penggunaan KudoZ kepada ahli. Namun, opsyen diberikan untuk mengesetkan pilihan paparan dan pemberitahuan untuk memastikan anda dapat melihat soalan daripada ahli sahaja. Juga, semasa menyoal, anda boleh khususkan bahawa jawapan diminta daripada ahli sahaja.

1.28 - Are KudoZ questions indexed by search engines?

Yes. As with the public forums, KudoZ questions are indexed by search engines.

Keep in mind that this can (and should) work in your favor. A series of excellent KudoZ answers, or of helpful, professional forum posts, boost your web visibility to potential clients, and may also give them a further means of evaluating you as a translator and as a professional.

1.29 - What do the time references next to the confidence level and in the peer section indicate?

They indicate the time elapsed from the moment the question was asked until the other action "answer", "peer comment" took place. The times shown are measured in relation to moment the question was asked.

1.30 - Can the asker enter in the glossary a term different from the one suggested in the selected question?

Yes. Points are (or should be) given to the most helpful answer, while the best possible term should be entered in the glossary, even if it was not suggested by the answerer who won the points.

Imagine for instance that you ask for a difficult technical term and get several similar alternatives, but one of the answers provided a very clear explanation that helped you understand the meaning of the term and its usage. Then you could pick another of the alternatives, and still consider this the most helpful answer.

It is also possible for askers to find the best term on their own and enter a term that was suggested in none of the answers provided, but still select a most helpful answer.

1.31 - A user in my sub-community regularly posts bad answers and they are sometimes selected and I am concerned that the glossary will deteriorate. Many valuable colleagues are of the same opinion and several of them have abandoned KudoZ. What can be done?

The system includes the "disagree" feature. If answers considered invalid receive several disagrees based on linguistic (not personal) comments, then the amount of "bad" answers is likely to be reduced.

1.32 - I was the first to provide the right answer to a KudoZ question and then other user provided the same answer adding few more explanations and received the points (instead of agreeing to my answer). Is this allowed?

Askers have the right to select the answers they consider most helpful to their questions.
There is nothing wrong in taking the time to provide the best possible answer, including references and explanations, even if a term has been already suggested. Limiting this right would turn KudoZ into a race to post a term with little or no explanations, and it would discourage better researched and more complete answers.

1.33 - How does the first validated answer mode work?

Askers have the option of asking questions in "first validated answer" (FVA) mode. When the FVA option is selected, instead of multiple answers being submitted and the asker selecting the one that is most helpful, the goal is for one correct translation to be agreed upon by the answerer community. An FVA question is therefore considered closed as soon as one answer gets two net agrees (in top pairs, two net agrees must come from users who meet the criteria for the question).

The effect for askers is that they can ask a question, and some time later be sent an answer that has been validated. It is considered that this option to "leave the decision to the pros" may appeal to some askers, particularly those who do not speak the target language. Various other possibilities may also be presented by this new approach.

Note that FVA questions are always not-for-points, and that they are targeted at those who work in the language pair, have expressed at least an interest in the selected field, and are native in the target language when the question is in a top pair. (However, others are not prevented from answering.)

1.34 - What are AI-generated KudoZ answers?

AI-generated KudoZ answers are automatic answers generated by AI technology, in this case, by ChatGPT. This answers are marked as such within the answer itself.

1.35 - How are AI KudoZ answers generated?

Most AI technology brings information back by means of prompts. Think of prompts like instructions you give to the AI. When you ask a question or tell it something, that's your prompt. In order to generate a KudoZ answer, we send ChatGPT three different prompts: one to get a proposed translation of the source term taking into account the information supplied by the asker (languages, fields, contect), one to obtain an explanation of the proposed translation that also includes sample sentences, and a last one to get confidence level information (i.e. to know how confident the AI feels about its proposed translation). Once this information is returned by the AI, a KudoZ answer is automatically built with it and posted together with the question (provided the asker has selected the AI-generated answer option).

1.36 - Who posts AI-generated answers?

AI answers are generated and posted automatically when an askers select this option in the KudoZ question form:

1.37 - Are askers notified of AI-generated answers to their questions?

No. For the time being, no email notification is sent for AI-generated answers.

1.38 - Can KudoZ participants peer grade AI-generated answers?

Yes, KudoZ participants are encouraged to agree or disagree (or remain neutral) with AI-generated KudoZ answers. Peer grades will count in the case of automatic grading. Click here for details about automatic grading.

1.39 - Can KudoZ askers select AI-generated answers as the most helpful and award points to the AI?

Yes, KudoZ askers can select an AI-generated answer as the most helpful one and award KudoZ points to the AI. These KudoZ points, however, will not be used to rank the AI profile in the directory. Click here to learn how KudoZ points count for directory ranking.

1.40 - Do KudoZ points “earned” by the AI count for directory ranking?

No. KudoZ points awarded to the AI for KudoZ answers selected as the most helpful will not count for directory placement.

1.41 - What is the purpose of adding AI to KudoZ?

The integration of AI into term help is thought as a supporting feature. If AI technology is available out there and language professionals are using it (in many different ways), why not include it in KudoZ and enable them to realize their full potential? ProZ.com provides tools and opportunities to its members. This is just another one of many. Click here to see a full list of membership benefits.

2.2 - Asking

2.1 - Apakah yang merupakan "bantuan istilah" seperti ditakrifkan dalam http://www.proz.com/siterules/kudoz_general/1.1#1.1 ?

Soalan KudoZ boleh digunakan untuk meminta bantuan tentang istilah atau ungkapan idiomatik.



Sekumpulan perkataan (hingga lebih kurang 10) boleh disiarkan dalam satu soalan sahaja apabila ia merupakan unit yang tidak boleh dipecahkan, seperti ungkapan idiomatik yang panjang (misalnya, 'a jack of all trades and master of none') di mana bentuk soalan akan terjejas jika mana-mana bahagian ditinggalkan.



Penanya juga boleh meminta bantuan dalam memahami maksud ayat, susunan perkataan atau masalah tatabahasa atau perbezaan di antara dua istilah, tetapi harus dibuat dalam pasangan bahasa ekabahasa. Soalan KudoZ ekabahasa boleh ditanya dengan cara memilih bahasa yang sama untuk bahasa sumber dan bahasa sasaran.

2.2 - What is the meaning of "one term is allowed per question" in KudoZ rule 2.1?

Unless they share a root or are otherwise related, terms should be posted separately--an asker should not ask how to say "apple" and "banana" in the same question. This means that a question such as "flotsam/jetsam/derelict" in a context of maritime law would be not valid, since the terms are independent and should posted in three separate questions. On the other hand, "the flotsam and jetsam of the inner city" would be OK, as the terms flotsam and jetsam are related in a unit of meaning. Other examples of valid KudoZ questions are: "screen / screening" (they share a root), "Many levels in this game were heavily tuned for smoothness" (terms related as a unit of meaning in a particular context).

2.3 - MENANYA: Adakah terdapat had atas bilangan soalan yang saya boleh tanya?

Ya. Had harian anda (diukur selama tempoh 24 jam gelongsor) bergantung kepada peringkat keahlian anda. Jika anda tidak berdaftar dengan ProZ.com, anda boleh bertanya satu (1) soalan sehari. Jika anda berdaftar tetapi bukan seorang ahli, anda boleh bertanya lima (5) soalan sehari. Jika anda seorang ahli, anda boleh bertanya lima belas (15) soalan sehari. Terdapat juga had mingguan sebanyak 20 soalan bagi orang berdaftar yang bukan ahli dan 60 soalan bagi ahli. Jika anda mempunyai sepuluh (10) soalan yang telah menerima jawapan sah tetapi masih terbuka lebih daripada seminggu, anda tidak dibenarkan bertanya soalan seterusnya. Sila gredkan dan tutupkan soalan tersebut untuk terus bertanya.

2.4 - What happens if I ask questions beyond the daily or weekly limits?

When you ask questions beyond the limits corresponding to your membership status, these extra questions are added to the KudoZ question queue and they will be made visible automatically when enough time has elapsed for the question to be within asking limits.

When this happens you will see a message like the one depicted below, and clicking on the words question queue to see an estimate of when your questions will be made public.



Members have higher limits and can request limit waivers via the support system.

2.5 - MENANYA: Saya suka simpan soalan-soalan istilah saya hingga ke hujung project. Bagaimanakah cara saya boleh lebihkan had?

Kami percaya bahawa had lima belas (15) perkataan sehari adalah cukup memadai untuk kebanyakan orang. Dengan menyebarkan soalan anda dua hari terakhir projek, contohnya, anda boleh bertanya tiga puluh (30) soalan. Jika anda perlu lebih dan anda merupakan seorang ahli, anda boleh minta seorang kakitangan Sokongan untuk memberi pengecualian sementara.

2.6 - Can I post a question in more than one language pair?

It is not possible to post a single question in different language pairs. However, several questions in different language pairs may be posted for a single term.

2.7 - MENANYA: Bolehkan saya bertanya soalan KudoZ ekabahasa.

Ya, tetapi dalam Kudoz tidak ada bahagian khusus untuk ini. Apa yang anda harus lakukan jika anda mahu bertanya soalan dalam satu bahasa (misalnya: Bahasa Inggeri ke Bahasa Inggeris) adalah pergi kepada Tanya di tab Kudoz. Kemudian, di dalam borangnya, klik 'Lihat lagi bahasa'. Anda akan lihat dua senarai di mana anda boleh pilih bahasa yang anda mahu dua kali. Dengan cara begitu, anda akan menjadi soalan ekabahasa.

2.8 - MENANYA: Saya tidak pasti sama ada soalan harus diklasifikasikan sebagai non-PRO atau PRO. Apakah bezanya?

Meskipun perbezaan tidak dapat digariskan dengan jelas, takrif berikut telah diambil pakai untuk kedua jenis soalan ini:

2.9 - What should I do if I don't have context to include in my KudoZ question?

There is always some context to provide, such as information about the type of customer (an oil company? a plumber? a dentist? ), the type of document you are translating, the subject, etc.

Even in the extreme case of posting an item in a list there is hope. Imagine a question posted as:


Question: quolly
Fields: Law/Patents - Other
Context: It's in a list - (sorry but) no context available.


Now with a deeper understanding of what context is and what purpose it serves, some questions may elicit useful information and, quite possibly, lead to a valid answer.

For example:

- What does the patent describe? And if it's a revolutionary ion engine for spacecraft, change the fields to Tech/Enginnering - Space/Aeronautics - Ion engine design.

- What is the purpose of the list? There's a big difference of context between a list of engine parts and a list of tools used to assemble an engine.

- What are the adjacent items in the list? Very often lists contain related terms, and to an expert the meaning of the obscure term may well be clear when seen along with the other items.

- What is the country of origin of the text, and/or of its author? Words are often misused by non-native speakers.

- Does the overall quality of the source text suggest the problem term is 'just another typo or scanno' in a text riddled with rubbish or is it, on the contrary, a real term that's probably being used correctly.

Armed with that meaningful context we have a new question, such as:


Question: quolly
Fields: Tech/Enginnering - Space/Aeronautics - Ion engine design
Context: It's in a list of tools used in the assembly of spacecraft engines, mentioned in the patent for a revolutionary ion engine.
The rest of the text seems to be well-written by a native English-speaker (from a well-known manufacturing company in the UK), so I don't think it's an error in the source text.


Of course, this doesn't guarantee there will be a valid answer, but at least that will not be for "no context".

2.10 - MENANYA: Bolehkah saya memberi soalan saya maklumat tambahan? Bolehkah saya menyuntingnya?

Anda tidak boleh mengedit soalan, tetapi anda boleh menambah catatan. Borang akan muncul dalam halaman soalan. (Jika anda tidak dapat mencari sesuatu soalan, semak pautannya dalam pengesahan e-mel.)

2.11 - Can KudoZ askers direct their questions to specific site users?

Yes. When posting a KudoZ question, askers are given the option to restrict their KudoZ questions by 1) profile information (native language, language pair and field) and 2) membership status. If the asker selects the option "Only ProZ.com members may answer" when posting his/her question, the "Answer" button will not be visible to non-members and the following message will show to them:

The asker has directed this question specifically to ProZ.com users who:
... are ProZ.com members (You do not appear to be) Join ProZ.com >

If the asker specifies a restriction connected with native language, level of expertise in the specified language pair or level of expertise in the field, those that do not meet these criteria will be informed of this, but still invited to post an answer:

The asker has directed this question specifically to ProZ.com users who:
... have expressed interest in this pair (You have)
... report a "specialty" level of expertise in the subject field (You have not) [Edit]
... are native speakers of Tonga (Nya) or Nzima (You have not reported that you are) [Edit]
Although you do not meet the criteria, you may suggest a translation if you like

2.12 - MENANYA: Bolehkah saya hantar soalan saya kepada orang tertentu yang saya kenal sahaja?

Anda boleh berbuat demikian jika anda seorang ahli ProZ.com (yang membayar).

2.13 - MENANYA: Mengapa saya mahu hadkan soalan kepada orang-orang tertentu?

Ramai penjawab KudoZ semakin maklum ahli ProZ.com yang mana adalah pakar dalam bidang mana. Untuk istilah tertentu, mereka memilih untuk merujuk terus kepada pakar tersebut. Berbuat demikian melalui KudoZ akan menjadikan proses ini lebih standard dan mudah, dan akan memastikan rekod terjemahan yang diberikan boleh dicari.

2.14 - MENANYA: Mengapa saya mahu hadkan akses kepada soalan kepada ahli kelas tertentu?

Kadang kala, penanya mahukan maklum balas daripada kumpulan tertentu, contohnya daripada penutur asli, mereka yang bekerja dalam lapangan, atau memilih kelas ahli Proz.com lain. Kefungsian disediakan untuk menyokong pilihan ini.

2.15 - MENANYA: Jika saya bertanya soalan secara peribadi, yakni terhad kepada seorang dalam kumpulan saya, adakah soalan boleh dilihat oleh orang lain? Adakah soalan akan dapat dicari dalam arkib?

Jika anda seorang ahli, anda boleh buat pilihan menyimpan istilah sebagai peribadi buat selama-lamanya. Jika anda seorang pengguna berdaftar, anda boleh buat pilihan menyimpan istilah tertutup untuk sebulan, selepas itu ia akan menjadi awam dan boleh dicari.



Catatan penting: keselamatan seperti bank tidak digunakan dalam KudoZ, walaupun untuk soalan tertutup. Istilah sensitif tidak harus disiarkan melalui KudoZ, meskipun mengguna pilihan tertutup.

2.16 - I see a "squash" button under a KudoZ question I have posted, what does that mean?

If you have posted a KudoZ term help question and it has not received an answer, you will have the option to "squash" or remove the question until it receives at least one answer. This allows users to remove mistakenly-posted questions without the assistance of a moderator or KudoZ editor.

2.17 - MENANYA: Bagaimanakah boleh saya ucapkan terima kasih kepada penjawab KudoZ tanpa menolak atau memberi gred dahulu?

Anda boleh klik nama orang tersebut dan menulis kepada mereka melalui halaman profil. Ini menyebabkan e-mel akan dihantar.

Anda mungkin mahu untuk merujuk soalan melaui URL.

2.18 - MENANYA: Bagaimanakah caranya menggredkan soalan KudoZ saya?

Untuk menggred soalan KudoZ anda, anda mesti klik pautan yang bertulis "Pilih jawapan ini sebagai yang paling membantu" di dalam kotak jawapan yang paling membantu. Apabila anda mengklik pada pautan "Pilih jawapan ini sebagai yang paling membantu"
, satu tetingkap akan pop timbul muncul yang membolehkan anda memberikan mata KudoZ dan memasukkan istilah KudoZ tersebut ke dalam glosari anda, Glosari Terbuka KudoZ (KOG), atau ke dalam kedua-duanya.

2.19 - I did not enter the term to the KOG at the time I graded my question, but I would like to enter it now. How can I do that?

Simply click on the "gloss" button below the "Summary of answers provided" chart.

2.20 - Can I grade my question less than 24 hours after posting it?

KudoZ rule 2.10 recommends that askers allow at least twenty-four (24) hours to pass before closing a question.

To select the most helpful answer, the asker clicks on the link in the selected answer:




If less than 24 hours have elapsed since the question was posted, the following window will open:




If the asker chooses to wait until 24 hours have elapsed since the question was posted, the question will remain open and it will be graded normally by the asker.

If, on the other hand, the asker chooses to select the most helpful answer at this time, a new window will open to allow them to enter their preferences:




This window will allow the asker to select the most helpful answer, to assign points to it and to post a grading comment. The asker also has the option to select and edit a glossary entry associated with this answer.

If the asker does not select a glossary entry, the following message will be displayed:




If the asker makes a glossary entry, the message will include the following information:




Once this form is submitted, the question will remain open and new answers and peer comments can be added. About 72 hours after this submission, the system will grade the question in accordance with the following criteria:

a) If none of the answers has a net peer grading (agrees minus disagrees) of 2 or more, then the option selected by the asker will be used.

b) If at least one answer has a net peer grading higher than 1 and one of the answers has a net peer grading higher than the others, then this answer will be selected.

c) If at least one answer has a net peer grading higher than 1 and two or more answers share the same top peer grading, the answer posted last will be selected. The logic behind this criterion is that all those agreed to the second answer have seen the first one and still voted for the second, therefore preferring the second answer, while those that voted for the first one may not have seen the second answer when voted.

If the answer selected by the asker was chosen due to lack of votes or because the community voted for it, the amount of points, grading comment and (if entered) glossary entry selected by the asker will be chosen. If the asker did not make a glossary entry, one will be created automatically using the asked term and the suggested term.

If a different answer from the one selected by the asker was chosen by the community, 4 points will be assigned to this answer and a glossary entry will be created using the asked term and the suggested term.

After grading, the question will show the following message:

2.21 - MENANYA: Saya telah hilang pautan e-mel pengesahan KudoZ saya, bagaimana saya mahu menggred soalan KudoZ saya sekarang?

Jika anda hilang pautan e-mel pengesahan KudoZ anda, anda boleh dapatkan satu lagi salinan dengan menghubungi sokongan melalui sistem tiket dalam talian dan/atau anda boleh hubungi seorang moderator untuk menghantar semula pautan tersebut ke e-mel anda. Peringatan, adalah penting menyertakan URL KudoZ soalan anda semasa meminta lagi e-mel pengesahan.



Jika anda tidak ingat URL KudoZ tersebut, dan anda tidak log masuk semasa menghantar soalan tersebut, anda terpaksa hubungi sokongan dalam talian untuk menggredkan soalan untuk anda.

2.22 - MENANYA: Bolehkah saya beri mata kepada lebih daripada satu jawapan?

Tidak, anda boleh pilih satu jawapan "paling membantu" sahaja. (Lama-lama semuanya menjadi sama rata antara penjawab.)

2.23 - Saya menutup soalan tanpa memilih jawapan terbaik. Bolehkah saya buka semula soalan tersebut sekarang?

Ya, anda hendaklah mengklik pada butang BUKA SEMULA.. Jika ada keraguan hantarkan tiket sokongan.

2.24 - MENANYA: Bagaimana caranya menutup soalan yang saya telah tanya yang tidak menerima jawapan?

Di halaman soalan anda, klik butang "Gred". Ini akan membawa anda ke halaman berikutnya, di mana anda sepatutnya klikkan butang 'Tutup tanpa menggred'. (kredit: Mikhail Kropotov)

2.25 - MENANYA: Bagaimanakah memberhentikan peringatan e-mel menyuruh saya menggredkan soalan?

Penanya dihantar peringatan e-mel untuk menggredkan soalan KudoZ terbuka yang mempunyai jawapan yang sesuai selepas 5, 7, 9, dan 11 hari soalan dikemukakan.



Untuk berhenti menerima peringatan e-mel ini, penanya hendaklah lakukan salah satu daripada berikut:



- Pilih jawapan yang paling membantu;

- Tutup soalan tanpa memilih satu jawapan (klik butang "Tutup", "Tutup tanpa Menggred");

- Tolak semua jawapan sekarang, tetapi tinggalkan soalan terbuka untuk masih menerima jawapan masa hadapan. Untuk melakukan ini, klik "[Tiada jawapan yang sesuai; jangan ingatkan untuk memilih jawapan]" di bahagian paling atas senarai jawapan.

2.26 - Apakah kriteria untuk bilangan mata (1-4) yang harus saya berikan kepada jawapan yang dipilih?

Apabila menimbang berapa mata mahu diberikan, sila pertimbangkan skala ini sebagai garis panduan:

4: Jawapan boleh diterima, keterangan adalah baik, rujukan diberikan (atau tidak diperlukan)
3: Jawapan boleh diterima, keterangan adalah baik, tetapi tiada rujukan diberikan
2: Jawapan boleh diterima
1: Jawapan agak membantu

2.27 - Points were awarded to an answer to my question but I would like to select another answer instead. How can I un-grade my question?

To un-grade a question you have asked in order to award the points to the answer you found most helpful, you will need to first obtain the agreement of the answerer to whom the points have been given. Both you and the answerer should express this agreement either to the assigned moderator(s), or via support request.

2.28 - I have included confidential information in a question. Can I have it removed?

If you posted a KudoZ question that contains confidential information, please submit a support request, specifying the exact information you would like to have remove so that staff can remove this information for you.

2.3 - Answering

3.1 - MENJAWAB: Saya tidak dapat melihat soalan KudoZ. Apa harus saya buat?

Silan hantarkan URL, dan petikan skrin halaman tersebut, kepada sokongan di proz.com!

3.2 - MENJAWAB: Apabila saya membuat carian untuk soalan daripada ahli sahaja, saya terlihat sesuatu yang aneh.

Mengguna opsyen ahli sahaja (diberikan di bawah "jenis penyoal" di halaman senarai KudoZ - http://www.proz.com/kudoz ) akan mengehadkan soalan yang anda lihat kepada yang ditanya oleh pengguna yang merupakan ahli *pada masa mereka bertanya*. Oleh kerana kategori keahlian pengguna baru sahaja selesai direkodkan, bilangan hasil akan kecil. Juga oleh kerana terdapat pelbagai jenis keahlian (penuh, separa), dan beberapa keahlian akan tamat, keadaan ini boleh memberikan gambaran bahawa ada sesuatu yang tidak betul.

3.3 - Jika soalan telah ditutup dan mata telah diberikan bolehkan saya masih menjawabnya?

Apabila mata telah diberikan, soalan ditutup, tetapi walaupun ditutup anda masih boleh menjawabnya.

Alasan kami ialah untuk membolehkan anda memberi penanya segala bantuan yang boleh, walaupun dia telah membuat keputusan dia telah memilih jawapan paling baik untuk soalannya.

3.4 - MENJAWAB: Bolehkah saya sunting jawapan yang telah diberikan kepada soalan KudoZ?

Tidak. Menyunting jawapan akan menjadi tidak adil kepada penjawab lain. Anda boleh tambah komen kepada jawapan anda. Ada kalanya, jawapan yang salah boleh disembunyikan oleh penjawab dan jawapan yang betul dikemukakan sebagai ganti.

3.5 - MENJAWAB: Mengapakah perkataan "Sembunyi" muncul dalam kotak jawapan saya?

Anda dibenarkan menyembunyi jawapan anda sendiri. Ini adalah cara untuk menarik balik jawapan.

3.6 - Bagaimanakah cara memperlihatkan semula jawapan yang saya telah sembunyikan?

Jawapan yang telah disembunyikan tidak boleh diperlihatkan semula. Anda hanya harus menggunakan pautan "Sembunyi jawapan" jika mahu menyembunyikan jawapan selama-lamanya.

3.7 - If I hide my answer and submit a new one, is this against site rules for answering?

Posting multiple answers in systematic way is out of line with rule http://www.proz.com/siterules/kudoz_answ/3.3#3.3 (hidden answers are included in this count).

Hiding an answer with disagrees and re-posting the same answer (thus "cleaning" the negative peer comments) would be out of line with rule http://www.proz.com/siterules/general/2#2 .

Hiding a wrong answer (even with disagrees) and posting a different one is valid, provided it is not done in a systematic way.

3.8 - Will my hidden answers be visible in my list of answers?

You will always be able to see the answers you have hidden in your list of KudoZ answers. Other users will only see your hidden answers if you have hidden 10% or more of your total answers (but no less than 20 answers).

Hidden answers will figure under the Answered tab in the KudoZ activity section of profiles, with the link to the question, but with "Answer hidden by answerer" instead of the source and target term.

They will also be added to the total count of Questions answered (shown on the main page of profiles) and in the statistics found in the KudoZ activity section.

3.9 - What is the meaning of "no more than one answer per question" in KudoZ rule 3.1?

Submitting an answer to a KudoZ question and then submitting one or more additional answers to the same question is discouraged (even if the original answer was hidden) and doing this in a systematic way is forbidden by the rules. Answerers can add as many comments as they want to their answers. Offering several terms together in the same answer (ANSWER1/ANSWER2/ANSWER3) is not forbidden, but discouraged, as it interferes with the glossary format.

3.10 - MENJAWAB: Apakah maknanya apabila soalan ditanda "Tidak diberi mata"?

Beberapa pengguna percaya bahawa pemberian mata KudoZ menjejaskan pengalaman KudoZ. Pengguna demikian boleh memilih untuk jadikan soalan "tidak diberi mata" semasa bertanya. Menjawab soalan demikian tidak akan mendapat mata KudoZ.

3.11 - MENJAWAB: Jika saya menjawab soalan "tidak diberi mata," adakah ia akan keluar dalam sejarah KudoZ di halaman profil saya?

Ya. Soalan demikian akan ditanda dengan warna yang menunjukkan mata tidak diberikan.

3.12 - MENJAWAB: Adakah menjawab soalan "tidak diberi mata" meningkatkan kedudukan saya dalam papan peneraju KudoZ atau direktori penterjemah ProZ.com?

Tidak. Faedah menjawab soalan "tidak diberi mata" bukan teknikal, ianya hanya tidak langsung (pempelajaran, bantuan, rangkaian, dsb.)

3.13 - What does Confidence level show?

Confidence level is the degree of certainty expressed by an answerer regarding his or her own answer. This information is provided by an answerer in the Kudoz Answer form. Confidence level is a required field and an answerer is suggested to select one of the 5 (five) possible confidence levels:

Highest - I am sure
High
Medium
Low
Lowest - I am guessing

3.14 - I don't know the answer to a KudoZ question, but I have some information that could help the asker. Where should I post this information?

If you cannot think of an appropriate answer to a KudoZ question, but you have information that may help the asker or other participants to come up with a good translation, make a reference post by clicking on "Post reference" and include such relevant information.

Note: Reference posts cannot be selected as most helpful and so no points cannot be awarded to reference posters.

3.15 - I do not see the "Post reference" button in a KudoZ question. Why?

Once you posted a Kudoz answer, you will not be able to post a reference. It is assumed that you put all the information in your Kudoz answer. This makes your answer a more useful resource, and ensures all the information is kept in one place.

It is possible to post a reference and then an answer, but not possible to post an answer first and then a reference.

3.16 - Under what conditions can an answerer use the discussion entries feature?

Answerers can use the discussion entry to ask the asker for context information or to engage in linguistic discussions of some points of the question asked. In general, opinions on other answers should be provided in the peer grading interface while additional comments supporting their answers should be presented as comments in the answers themselves. Systematic use of the discussion entry to promote an answer provided will not be allowed.

3.17 - How can I avoid answering questions from askers who tend to close their questions without grading them?

You can see how many questions an asker has closed without grading by mousing over their name in a KudoZ question they have asked. (There is also an option to filter out questions from certain askers in the lists of questions.)

3.18 -

2.4 - Peer commenting

4.1 - MENJAWAB: Bolehkah saya bersetuju dengan lebih daripada satu jawapan kepada sesuatu soalan?

Ya. Anda digalakkan bersetuju dengan sebanyak jawapan yang anda anggap betul, dan tidak bersetuju dengan sebanyak jawapan yang anda anggap tidak betul.

4.2 - MENJAWAB: Apa yang berlaku jika ada orang tidak bersetuju dengan jawapan?

Disagreeing is actually just a signal to the person who asked the "help" KudoZ question that you (and maybe others) don't feel the answer is correct, the asker is then free to take or not to take the suggestion.

The only "mechanical" effect is that if the question is auto-graded, disagrees count against an answer for being chosen.

Grading from qualified peers is the normal way to grade and close "glossary-building" KudoZ questions.

4.3 - MENJAWAB: Saya masukkan komen rakan setara dan mahu memberi respons kepada jawapan yang saya terima. Bolehkah saya lakukannya?

Tidak. Untuk menghalang jalur KudoZ daripada menyeleweng, berbalas balas tentang setiap jawapan tidak dibenarkan. Rakan penterjemah boleh membuat komen dan penjawab boleh memberi respons--tetapi pertukaran pandangan berhenti di situ. (Kebolehan untuk mengedit komen rakan penterjemah, dan menjawab kepadanya, diberikan hanya untuk tujuan mengedit ejaan, membetul pautan terputus atau membuat perubahan sepertinya.) Pastikan komen anda dibuat dengan jelas dan padat; anda hanya mendapat satu peluang sahaja.

4.4 - Saya lihat ada pautan untuk "edit/hapus" komen rakan penterjemah saya. Apakah fungsinya?

Pautan "edit/hapus" membolehkan anda mengedit komen rakan penterjemah anda. Harap ingat bahawa kebolehan ini hanya diberikan untuk tujuan mengedit ejaan, membetul pautan terputus atau membuat perubahan sepertinya.

4.5 - Can I comment on an answerer's confidence level in my peer comment?

No. Peer comments should be purely linguistic in nature (see KudoZ rule 3.5). Making comments or insinuations regarding an answerer's confidence level would not be in line with KudoZ rule 3.7.

2.5 - KudoZ editors

5.1 - MENJAWAB: Saya lihat ada beberapa pengguna (bukan moderator) yang mengklasifikasi semula atau membuang soalan-soalan orang lain. Bagaimanakah ahli ini dipilih?

Moderator boleh menjemput ahli/pengguna berdaftar yang telah mempunyai sekurang-kurang 500 mata KudoZ untuk membaca garis panduan pengklasifikasian semula atau penghapusan, dan mengambil satu ujian pendek. Mereka yang lulus berhak untuk membuat suntingan demikian.

5.2 - Is site moderation one of the responsibilities of KudoZ editors?

No. KudoZ editors are site users who have been given the right to perform some editing functions on KudoZ questions, namely the change or reversion of KudoZ question language pairs, the removal of questions if these are not in line with site rules or if they are duplicated, and the change of KudoZ question fields.

Moderators are site members who have volunteered to foster and protect the positive, results-oriented atmosphere that makes ProZ.com possible by greeting and guiding new participants in KudoZ and enforcing site rules in a consistent and structured manner.

In no way are KudoZ editors entitled or expected to act as site moderators. KudoZ editors, just as site members, are required to contact staff or moderators to report any form of abuse.

5.3 - MENJAWAB: Ada kelihatan opsyen yang membolehkan saya menyunting soalan orang lain. Apakah sebabnya?

Apabila anda mencapai bilangan mata KudoZ tertentu (500), akan muncul opsyen untuk membuat pembetulan kepada soalan yang dikemukakan oleh orang lain. Jika soalan seharusnya Bahasa Sepanyol ke Bahasa Inggeris tetapi disenaraikan sebagai Bahasa Inggeris ke Bahasa Sepanyol, silakan buat pembetulan.

5.4 - I would like to apply to become a KudoZ editor. Can I?

No, it is not possible to submit an application to become a KudoZ editor, an invitation has to be issued by a moderator or site staff.

5.5 - Can KudoZ editors reclassify a question form PRO into non-PRO and vice versa?

No, KudoZ editors and moderators will have to vote like any other member for the change of status of questions (instead of forcing this change of status.)

5.6 - Does membership determine someone's eligibility to become a KudoZ editor?

No, eligibility is not determined by membership status.

2.6 - KudoZ notifications

6.1 - MENJAWAB: Saya tidak terima sebarang pemberitahuan e-mel KudoZ

Jika anda tidak menerima isyarat e-mel KudoZ langsung, dan anda tidak pernah menerimanya, periksa tetapan di halaman profil anda. Anda tidak akan terima apa-apa pemberitahuan jika:

- anda tidak memasukkan pasangan bahasa

- anda tidak memasukkan bidang kepakaran

- anda tidak memilih pemberitahuan e-mel KudoZ dalam pilihan e-mel anda.



Jika anda telah menerima pemberitahuan, dan tanpa apa-apa perubahan dibuat berhenti menerimanya, ini mungkin disebabkan:

- pesan terdahulu kepada anda telah terlantun, dan alamat e-mel anda telah 'dicap' tidak baik (periksa data peribadi dalam halaman profil anda; aksara 'xxx ' akan telah tertambah di depan alamat anda)

- terdapat masalah dengan pemberitahuan e-mel ProZ.com. (Periksa halaman status tapak untuk maklumat)

- anda atau ISP anda telah mengubah atau menambah penapisan, dan penapisan tersebut telah menghalang anda daripada menerima isyarat (contohnya, masalah dengan terra.es yang telah diketahui)



Jika masalah tidak dijumpai selepas perkara di atas diperiksa, masukkan permitaan sokongan dengan memberikan pautan kepada sekurang-kurangnya satu soalan KudoZ yang anda patut diberi isyarat.

6.2 - MENJAWAB: Saya tidak terima semua pemberitahuan KudoZ yang seharusnya diterima.

Apabila isyarat e-mel dikeluarkan untuk soalan KudoZ, antara kriteria yang dipertimbangkan adalah: pasangan bahasa, bidang perkara dan tahap kesukaran. Jika anda tidak terima pemberitahuan e-mel soalan, pastikan tetapan profil dan pilihan anda membolehkan anda menerimanya. Jika anda yakin bahawa seting adalah betul, sila serahka permintaan sokongan, termasuk URL satu atau lebih soalan KudoZ yang anda sepatutnya diberitahu. Kakitangan ProZ.com akan memeriksa sama ada isyarat e-mel kepada anda keluar dari pelayan ProZ.com. (Jika e-mel tersebut keluar, mungkin terdapat masalah, atau penapisan, berlaku di ISP anda atau pada komputer tempatan anda.)

6.3 - MENJAWAB: Saya menerima terlalu banyak pemberitahuan e-mel KudoZ

Untuk mengurangkan bilangan pemberitahuan e-mel yang anda terima, cuba kurangkan pilihan bidang perkara dalam pilihan pemberitahuan KudoZ anda. Untuk berhenti menerima pemberitahuan e-mel Kudoz semua sekali, pilih sahaja pilihan 'Tidak' bagi soalan pertama di Dashboard KudoZ.

6.4 - MENJAWAB: Ada kalanya saya menerima e-mel tentang soalan yang tidak kelihatan di tapak, dan kadang-kadang saya lihat soalan yang tidak diemelkan...

Pilihan e-mel dan melihat dietetakan berasingan. Pilihan e-mel ditetapkan melalui dashboard anda - http://www.proz.com/dashboard - dan pilihan melihat melalui halaman senarai KudoZ - http://www.proz.com/kudoz

6.5 - MENJAWAB: Apakah dia ringkasan harian?

Ia merupakan pesan yang mengandungi ringkasan pendek soalan yang telah ditanya dalam satu hari, serta penyenaraian ringkas apa-apa jawapan kepada soalan tersebut setakat itu.

6.6 - MENJAWAB: Bagaimanakah caranya untuk menerima pemberitahuan KudoZ daripada kumpulan saya?

Mana-mana ahli kumpulan anda boleh menyiarkan soalan KudoZ tertutup kepada kumpulan sahaja. Untuk menerima pemberitahuan untuk jenis soalan ini anda apa yang anda perlu untuk pemberitahuan anda dihidupkan dan pasangan bahasa berkaitan dalam senarai pasangan digunakan atau minat anda.

6.7 - Can I track a particular KudoZ question?

Yes. If you are a paying member you can track any KudoZ question. For each question you will see a track setting box in the left navigation column of the page which looks like this:

When you check this box and click on save, you will receive a notification each time a reference post or an answer is posted.

Also, there is a selection box in the discussion area that allows the tracking of the discussion entries of a particular question:



When you select the "track question" box, the "track discussion" will also be selected. You can then de-select any of them independently.

When you post a reference comment, an answer or a discussion entry, the "track discussion" box is selected. If you de-select it once it will no longer be automatically selected again in this question.

6.8 - How can I get notifications when a certain person asks a KudoZ question?

In order to get a notification every time a certain registered user asks a KudoZ question you have to "flag" this asker as follows:

In your top drop-down menu select KudoZ -> Dashboard



On the left panel of your KudoZ dashboard, select the option "Asker flags & filters"



This is the box used for flagging askers. In this case no asker has been flagged yet:



To flag an asker you should enter the user's ID in the corresponding box and pres "Flag asker". If you don't know this number you should click on the link "Search" to open a search tool:



In this case a search by name brings the user's ID and username:



Once the asker was flagged, it will look like this in your dashboard page:



And it will look like this when the flagged asker posts a question:



Notification will be sent to you of flagged askers' questions, even when they do not match your notification settings.

6.9 - I don't want notifications of a particular person's questions-- what can I do?

If you become convinced that a certain member is not likely to ask questions that are of interest to you, you may opt to "filter" that member's questions (regardless of your notification settings.)

To do so you should select KudoZ -> Dashboard in your top drop-down menu:



On the left panel of your KudoZ dashboard, select the option "Asker flags & filters"



This is the box used for filtering askers. In this case no asker has been filtered yet:



To filter an asker you should enter the user's ID in the corresponding box and pres "Filter asker". If you don't know this number you should click on the link "Search answerers" to open a search tool:



In this case a search by name brings the user's ID and username:



Once the asker was filtered, it will look like this in your dashboard page:



And it will look like this when the filtered asker posts a question:



Notification will NOT be sent to you of filtered askers' questions, even when they do match your notification settings. Also, these questions will not be shown to you when you select KudoZ - Answer questions, even when they match your selection criteria.

6.10 - How can I get notifications when a certain user posts a KudoZ answer or reference comment?

In order to get a notification every time a certain registered user posts a KudoZ answer or reference comment you have get this user's authorization to track his/her answers. To do so:

In your top drop-down menu select My ProZ.com -> Dashboard



In the dashboard page select "Answerer tracking"



In the answerer tracking page you can click on "Search for answerer" and enter the corresponding information on name, username of profile number and then click on "Search" and on the found profile name.



At this point the dashboard will show the corresponding profile number and username. You may send a personalized message before sending the request by means of the "track answerer" button.




You can also start this procedure by clicking on the "track this answerer" in an answer or reference comment posted by this user:




After submitting the request, the dashboard will record it as pending:



While the request is pending, you will see a special message in each answer or reference comment posted by this user:



Once your request was accepted, the dashboard will show the following indication:



If you want to stop tracking this user, click on "remove".

You will also see the following in each answer or reference comment posted by the user you are tracking:




You will receive a notification each time this user posts an answer or a reference comment.

6.11 - What are my options for the KudoZ tracking feature?

There are three basic conditions that you can configure selecting My ProZ.com -> Dashboard in your top drop-down menu :



In the dashboard page select "Answerer tracking"



In the box "Who can track you" on the right side of the dashboard you can select the following options:

* Allow anyone to track my answers: requests will be automatically approved.
* Ask me for permission on a case-by-case basis: you will be asked each time a request is received.
* Do not allow anyone to track my answers: all requests will be automatically rejected

6.12 - A user asked for authorization to track my KudoZ answers. Why would someone want to do this?

While the motives could be different for each user, two likely reasons to do so would be (a) to learn from someone who is good in a certain field of expertise or (b) to evaluate a translator for possible future collaborations. Remember that you can revoke the right to track your answers at any time.

6.13 - A site user would like to track my answers, what should I do?

To work on your answer tracking options, select My ProZ.com -> Dashboard in your top drop-down menu :



In the dashboard page select "Answerer tracking"



On this page you will see the notification that you have a pending request to be tracked by a colleague and, on the right side, the identity and message from the colleague willing who sent the request:



This right side panel allows you to approve or decline the request. If you chose to approve it you will be asked for a confirmation:



Note that you can at this point select the option "Allow anyone else who wants to track my answers to do so as well", so that further requests will be automatically approved.

Once you approved one or more users for tracking your answers, you will find them at the table of colleagues tracking you:



This panel allows you to revoke individually the permission to track your answers granted to any of those colleagues.

6.14 - How can I be notified of KudoZ questions in other language pairs?

To be notified of questions asked in language pairs you do not want to list as working language pairs in your profile, just report the language pairs in question as interest language pairs.

To do so, go to your Profile Updater and report your 'non-working' language pairs in the Languages section.

Once reported, click on Edit next to each language pair just added and select I only have an interest in this pair, do not show it in my profile. Remember to save all the changes you apply.

Finally, go to your KudoZ dashboard and set your KudoZ notifications preferences for these language pairs as you have done for your working language pairs.

6.15 - I want to get Kudoz notifications for opposite language pairs to my working languages.

First, indicate direct pairs as "working" and reverse pairs as "interest" in your Profile Updater . Then, use these parameters to set up notifications settings.

3 - Glossary-building KudoZ

3.1 - What is the purpose of the glossary-building KudoZ (GBK) questions?

The primary purpose of this new question type is to enable the ProZ.com community to together find the best translation of a given term into a given language, and to incorporate the term and its translation into an authoritative glossary which will be made available openly under the Creative Commons "by" license ("CC-by").

A secondary purpose of the new format is to provide opportunities for KudoZ participation (along with the associated benefits of networking, learning and professional differentiation), in pairs and fields in which few questions are currently asked.

3.2 - How do glossary-building KudoZ (GBK) work?

A glossary-building KudoZ (GBK) 'transaction' involves three steps:

(1) Posting: A term is posted by an authorized person for translation into one or more pairs. A definition and one or more example sentences are included with the question. Notification of the GBK-type question is sent to interested and qualified site users.

(2) "Speciality" stage: During the 72 hours following the posting, qualified parties are able to suggest translations including terms, definitions, example sentences and optionally references. These parties will also be able to post peer comments and grading on the answers provided.

(3) At the end of the submission period the system will attempt to close the question. If successful, a notification will be sent to the person who posted the selected answer, 4 points will be assigned to that answer (unless the question was posted as not-for-points) and a glossary entry will be created and stored. If closing proves impossible, notifications will be sent to all interested and qualified parties and a "working" phase will last until the peer-grading received allows for the closure of the question.

3.3 - Who can participate in the glossary-building KudoZ (GBK) questions?

Participation in a GBK question, including answering, posting references and grading, is limited during the first 72 hours to site users who (1) Have the corresponding field(s) of expertise among their "speciality" fields. (2) Have the corresponding language pair or the reverse pair among their working ones. (3) Are native in either source or target languages.

During the "working" phase (questions still open after the first 72-hours period) participation is extended to site users who satisfy the language pair and native language criteria and have the field of expertise among their working ones.

All users can post discussion entries.

3.4 - Why is the participation limited in glossary-building KudoZ?

The purpose of the glossary-building KudoZ is to coordinate the efforts of willing members of the ProZ.com community in building up an authoritative glossary of terms and their translations in many languages and fields. With a focus on the quality of the resulting glossary entries and ample time for submission and selection of answers, it was decided to limit participation to specialists in the field and language pair.

3.5 - Why are these limitations not applied to "help term" KudoZ as well?

The main goal of "term help" KudoZ is to provide those in need of translation assistance with access to timely help. Therefore the access is open to allow the participation of anybody willing and able to help. The asker selects the most helpful among the responses received (and awards points for it).

3.6 - What are the additional fields of expertise?

A GBK has a main field of expertise and may have one or more additional fields of expertise. These additional field are also included in the filter (notifications and access to the question).

For instance a question with primary field "telecommunications" may also be related to "computers: software" and to "Computers: systems, networks"

This will be only related to notifications and access (and in the future to searches in the glossary). The corresponding KudoZ points will be assigned to the primary field.

The additional fields are included in the GBK term searches.

3.7 - I added in my profile the specialty field needed to answer a GBK question but I still can't answer it.

Users who adds a new "specialty" field of expertise to their profiles will not be provided access to GBK filtered by this particular field for 72 hours after implementing this change. This aims to preventing users from modifying their profiles in order to "follow" the specialties requested in the questions.

This restriction will not apply to profiles created less than a month ago.

3.8 - How are GBK questions graded?

At the end of the 72-hours submission phase (and periodically if the question entered in a selection phase) an 'auto-grading robot' makes its selection based on the net number of peer 'agrees' received by each answer, according to the following rules:
* To be considered, an answer must have at least two "net agrees" (agrees minus disagrees).
* The answer with the highest number of net agrees is selected.
* If two answers have the same number of net agrees, the one posted by the answerer with the corresponding language pair ranked higher is selected.
* If still undecided, the alternative entered latest is selected. The logic behind this criterion is that all those agreed to the second answer have seen the first one and still voted for the second, therefore preferring the second answer, while those that voted for the first one may not have seen the second answer when voted.

3.9 - The submission period for a GBK question has ended and the question is still open. Can I still submit a translation?

Yes. Answers can be posted during the "working" period, or even after the question has been closed.

3.10 - Can I provide more than one answer as different options when answering a GBK question?

Answerers in GBK can provide more than one answer to the same term, as this is the proper way to offer synonyms. In this case the example sentence(s) should include the term offered in each answer.

3.11 - Can I post more than one term in my answer to a GBK question?

No. Even if you know two or more different terms to answer a GBK question you should provide only one of them in your answer, the one used in the example sentence(s).

If you know synonyms or other possible interpretations of the term asked besides the one you already offered in your answer, you can provide additional answer(s), each containing just a term, and with definition and example sentences related to that term.

3.12 - Is it OK to to answer a GBK question suggesting the same term already offered in another answer?

Yes. A GBK answer includes a term, a definition and at least one example sentence. The term is only a part of the answer, and it could happen that the second answer offering the same term includes, for instance, a better definition.

Time should not play such a central role in GBK, where a better answer should be more relevant than a faster one.

3.13 - I want (or do not want) to receive notifications about GBK questions, what should I do?

You should un-check (check) the option "Ignore glossary-building questions " and click on "Save settings" in the KudoZ dashboard.

3.14 - I want to receive only notifications about GBK questions, what should I do?

You should select the option Asker type = "Glossary-building questions " in the KudoZ dashboard.

3.15 - How are the GBK questions created?

"Glossary-building KudoZ concepts" are selected from current KudoZ entries or from other sources, and are edited to make sure they have the proper terms, definitions and examples of use. This is currently being done in English, but other languages could be added later.

This is being currently done by site staff, but in the future this task will be performed by site members who will be part of a "GBK (Glossary-building KudoZ) team".

3.16 - There is no "neutral" option in the peer comments. How can I leave a comment to the answerer?

If you are allowed to provide a peer-comment, then you should be able to post a note to the answerer by using the link provided at the bottom of the answer.



The messages posted will be visible above the voting area of the question:

3.17 - What is the "Glossary-building KudoZ questions" box displayed in the home page? Can I customize what I see there?

Users who meet the criteria to answer GBK questions and have a minimum of 5 or 10 open questions available to answer (selectable) will be presented with a box displaying a randomly selected open question.

Like many other home page features, users can select not to see this box, or customize its position by clicking the "customize" link on the feature or selecting
"My ProZ.com" -> "My settings" -> "Site settings"

4 - Personal glossaries

4.1 - How do I create a glossary?

To add a new glossary to the My glossaries section, just click on the plus sign () to the right of "My glossaries" and enter your chosen name, then, press "Enter" or click on the "Save" button to create your glossary.

You can always get to your personal glossaries from the "My glossaries" shortcut in the home menu, which appears when you hover over your name and picture on the top right corner of the screen.

4.2 - Bagaimanakah menambah istilah pada sesuatu glosari?

1. Pergi ke Profil anda
2. Pilih "Masukkan Istilah" pada pengepala Glosari (di lajur kiri Profil)

4.3 - Bagaimanakah memuat naik glosari sedia ada?

Glosari format standard boleh dimuat naik hanya untuk teks biasa. Dokumen Word, fail RTF atau sebarang format lain tidak dibenarkan. Saiz fail maksimum yang dibenarkan ialah 2MB. Jika anda mempunyai fail glosari yang melebihi 2MB, sila asingkannya kepada beberapa fail yang bersaiz lebih kecil.
Nota: Bentuk glosari mestilah seperti berikut:
istilah sumberistilah sasaranNotaURL

(Nota dan URL adalah tidak wajib.)

1. Masuk ke profil anda
2. Klik pada nama anda
3. Pilih "Masukkan Istilah" pada Glosari
4. Pilih "Muat naik glosari anda!" di bahagian bawah halaman.

4.4 - Bagaimanakah mengedit glosari atau istilah sedia ada?

Harap maklum bahawa arahan ini hanya boleh digunakan pada istilah dalam glosari peribadi anda. Istilah dalam glosari KudoZ yang merangkumi seluruh laman hanya boleh diedit oleh moderator. Jika anda ingin mencadangkan perubahan kepada istilah dalam glosari tersebut, anda boleh menghubungi moderator yang bertanggungjawab menggunakan senarai moderator .

Untuk mengedit istilah sedia ada:

1. Masuk ke My Proz.com
2. Klik pada Glosari Saya
3. Klik pada nama glosari istilah itu
4. Klik istilah yang berkenaan
5. Klik 'Edit atau tambah maklumat pada istilah ini' di bahagian bawah halaman
6. Edit maklumat sedia ada atau tambah maklumat baharu, dan klik butang "Enter" untuk menyimpan maklumat yang telah diubah

Untuk mengedit nama glosari:

1Masuk ke My Proz.com
2. Klik pada Glosari Saya
3. Klik pada pautan [Namakan semula], sebelah glosari yang mahu diedit

4.5 - How do I rename an existing glossary?

Go to the Personal glossaries section and look for the glossary you want to update under the "My glossaries" header.

Click on the pencil-shaped button () to the right of the glossary.

Now, press "Enter" or click on the "Save" button to rename your glossary.

4.6 - Can I download my ProZ.com glossaries to my computer?

Yes. You can download your glossaries as a simple CSV file.

Head to My glossaries and click on the glossary you want to download. Click on the "Export terms" button and choose whether you want to download all terms in the glossary, or just the ones you have selected.

The option to export your glossaries is a benefit of ProZ.com membership. You can learn more about ProZ.com membership here »

Free users get access to one test download of up to five terms, to try the export feature.

4.7 - Bagaimanakah mengalihkan istilah antara glosari?

1. Pergi ke halaman Profil anda
2. Klik nama glosari istilah yang dikehendaki
3. Klik istilah itu
4. Klik 'Edit atau tambah maklumat pada istilah ini' di bahagian bawah halaman.
5. Senarai juntai bawah berlabel 'Glosari Anda' yang terpapar akan membolehkan anda menukar glosari istilah tersebut. Anda boleh mengalihkannya ke glosari lain, atau mencipta glosari baharu untuk menambah istilah berkaitan.

4.8 - How can I merge my glossaries?

You can use the "Move" function to merge your glossaries. If your glossaries are too large to move 50 terms at a time, you may download one and then import the file into another.

4.9 - How can I remove an existing glossary?

To remove a glossary you have created, just click on the recycling bin button () to the right of the glossary. A confirmation box will appear to make sure you want to remove the glossary.

Deleted glossaries cannot be recovered.

4.10 - Can I create a multilingual glossary?

ProZ.com glossaries only support bilingual entries, but you can create entries in various language combinations within the same glossary.

4.11 - How can I send/receive glossaries through my profile?

You can send and/or receive glossary files using the Send file tool in profiles.

You will find more information about the Send file option here »

5 - GlossPost

5.1 - What is GlossPost?

GlossPost is a searchable database of links to glossaries on the Internet. It has been compiled by members of ProZ.com and the YahooGroup of the same name created in February 2000 by Brazilian translator and conference interpreter Maria Eugenia Farre. The database is maintained by a group of volunteer moderators, however any ProZ.com member can search the database or submit new glossary URLs.

5.2 - What are the goals driving GlossPost at ProZ.com?

We have three main goals:

- To create an online terminology resource with searching capabilities specifically designed for the needs of translators.
- To enlarge the database by benefiting from the collaborative spirit of ProZ.com users.
- To ensure the accessibility of GlossPost and honor the commitment of providing a free and useful resource for translators across the globe.

5.3 - What are the possibilities created by the collaboration between GlossPost and ProZ.com?

In brief: creating a larger database of glossary URLs, with addresses in more language combinations, annotated by translators. Since its inception, GlossPost has attracted mostly translators specializing in Western languages. Since ProZ.com is a huge multilingual community with active participants across the whole linguistic spectrum, we hope that translators of other languages will also feel compelled to add links to the glossaries they use in their daily work to the benefit of all.

We also hope to contribute with the expertise acquired in moderating GlossPost to make the new site a useful and efficient online terminology resource.

5.4 - How many links from the original GlossPost archives have been included?

At launch, approximately 1,600 links from the archives have been included automatically. This doesn't cover the entire GlossPost original database, but there are plans to import more links in the future, as time permits.

5.5 - Will the links in the GlossPost database at ProZ.com be checked to prevent dead pages and repeat URLs?

In our new home at ProZ.com, we want to address all the concerns and issues that affected GlossPost subscribers in the past. Link rot is one of them, and we are not the only sufferers. The GlossPost URLs at ProZ.com will be checked periodically using an automated function to make sure that the database remains as current as possible. Also, manual editing of the URLs has been made possible. Links can be checked and marked good or bad, made invisible or visible to other users by the users themselves and also by the moderators. Incomplete entries can be supplemented by addition information from other users.

5.6 - What are the searching capabilities included in the GlossPost database at ProZ.com?

The searching capabilities have been greatly improved. At the new database, users will be able to browse the glossary URLs, search by keyword, language combination, discipline or BSO category. For obvious reasons, the ability to search by language combination was one of the most common requests received from GlossPost subscribers. A feature enabling automated announcements of glossary URLs in the language combinations specified by ProZ.com users is also being studied.

5.7 - How can I contribute to the expansion of this glossary database?

By posting the URLs of glossaries, dictionaries and other terminology resources you find on the web.

You can also contribute to this initiative by editing and verifying the links included in the database (this option may or may not be available, depending on your site activity level). Also, since the project has just been kicked off, it will be extremely valuable to get as much feedback as possible about the design and results the searchers are getting. Please send your feedback to support.

5.8 - What is the posting procedure?

The posting form can be found here.

The fields are:

URL: enter the URL for the resource (glossary, terminology database or dictionary)
Title: enter a title for the resource, e.g. Hydrology Glossary or Dog Breeds or Turkish Language Dictionary
Source: enter the source for the resource, e.g. Unicode.org or Association of Dog Breeders of America or Academie Francaise
Comment: enter useful comments pertaining to the URL, e.g. "reliable translations", "single-page glossary", "downloadable as .pdf", "watch your step, contains typos".
Source Language: select the source language(s) from the list. If many languages are included, as is commonly the case with EU resources, you can select the All/Many languages radio button.
Target Language: select the target language(s) from the list. If many languages are included, as is commonly the case with EU resources, you can select the All/Many languages radio button.
Disciplines: select one or more disciplines, as you would when submitting a KudoZ question.
BSO Category: select one or more BSO categories

When you have completed the fields you want to add, press the Submit button. It's not necessary to fill in all the fields, but if possible, try to fill in as many as you can. This will help us build a better database and enable you to get more precise results in the future. Note, however, that some fields are mandatory and marked with a * for your convenience. Your entry will not be vetted before you have completed the mandatory fields.

5.9 - In what language should I post?

The GlossPost moderator suggests and encourages users to post in English. However, we realize that this may not always be possible, due to multiculturalism considerations. Comments in other languages are considered OK, but for the benefit of all and better search results, try to include at least a few words in English in the keyword field and/or give a title to the glossary in English.

5.10 - As a ProZ.com user, will I get any benefits from posting glossaries?

Yes! Members will be awarded 10 browniz points for each URL submitted, and 5 browniz points for each edited entry. The name of the poster and editor will be acknowledged when URLs are displayed.

5.11 - How can I report bugs or send suggestions?

Feedback is always welcome. Please send an e-mail to support.

5.12 - What will happen to the GlossPost list at Yahoogroups?

The GlossPost list at Yahoogroups will be eventually phased out and replaced by the new resource at ProZ.com. For the time being, however, it will continue to run under the moderatorship of Maria Eugenia Farre. There will also be some forwarding of links from GlossPost at Yps and the Translator Resources Forum to GlossPost at ProZ.com. However, GlossPost subscribers and Translator Resources Forum users are encouraged to post their new finds to GlossPost at ProZ.com.

5.13 - Where can I learn more about the history of GlossPost?

This interview with GlossPost creator Maria Eugenia Farre contains more information on the list's history.

6 - Wikiwords

6.1 - What is Wikiwords?

Wikiwords is a collaborative project to create a dictionary of all terms in all languages with definitions and example sentences. More information about this initiative can be found here »

6.2 - How is Wikiwords affiliated with ProZ.com?

Wikiwords was created and maintained by ProZ.com. However, active support for this service is no longer offered by ProZ.com staff.

6.3 - What should I do if I can't find a term in Wikiwords?

If you can't find a term in Wikiwords, try using the ProZ.com term search or ask a KudoZ question.

7 -